Portable diagnostic device for trouble-shooting a wireless network and a method for trouble-shooting a wireless network

ABSTRACT

A portable diagnostic device (PDD) for diagnosing packet-based wireless networks. the PDD comprises an input device configured to convert user input into electrical signals, a radio frequency (RF) transceiver, an antenna, processing logic, a modem, and a display device. The processing logic is configured to execute a diagnostic software module that generates diagnostic commands for diagnosing a packet-based network and that interprets diagnostic information sent from the packet-based network to the PDD. The modem enables the PDD to wirelessly communicate via the RF transceiver and the antenna with a base transceiver station (BTS) that is in communication with the packet-based network. The display device displays diagnostic information received by the RF transceiver and processed by the processing logic. The diagnostic information displayed on the display device describes one or more attributes of the packet-based network.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/049,431, filed Feb. 2, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,603,479, which isincorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

1. Field of Invention

The present invention is directed to wireless communications, and moreparticularly, to a portable diagnostic device for trouble-shootingwireless packet-based networks.

2. Description of Related Art

Wireless telecommunications providers each utilize an extensive array ofdiagnostic tools and procedures to optimize the level of reliabilityexperienced by their respective customers. A lineman's handset is oneexample of a tool regularly used to trouble-shoot a service problembeing experienced by a customer. The lineman's handset is a portabledevice that may be used by a field technician to test a particulartelephone line for compliance with performance standards relating toitems such as dial tone reception, proper ringing signals and noiselevels.

Wireless data protocols, such as the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)and General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), for example, enable people toaccess Internet content via wireless devices. WAP is an applicationenvironment and a set of communications protocols for wireless devicesthat enables a user to wirelessly request and receive content from theInternet. The event of requesting and receiving content from theInternet via a WAP-enabled device is referred to as a WAP session. Atypical WAP session is supported in part by resources of a typicalcircuit-switched cellular network and in part by resources of a datanetwork.

A GPRS session is supported almost entirely by resources of a datanetwork, with the exception of the cellular base station, which providesthe communication link between the GPRS data network and theGPRS-enabled mobile station. GPRS networks can deliver content such as,for example, short message service (SMS), multi-media messaging service(MMS), email, games and WAP applications.

Although portable diagnostic handsets exist that can be utilized by anetwork engineer to trouble-shoot circuit-switched mobile communicationnetworks, these devices are not capable of trouble-shooting packet-baseddata networks. Historically, protocol sniffers located at networkcommunications operations centers (NOCs) have been used to trouble-shootvarious communications problems in wireless packet-based data networks,including, for example, point-to-point protocol (PPP) negotiations.Protocol sniffers are unobtrusively inserted into the protocol flow at aNOC at a point between appropriate network elements such as servers,routers, etc., where protocol events can be trapped, or “sniffed”, forsubsequent display and analysis at the NOC. Protocol sniffers generallyare designed for use in the wired environment of the NOC, not in thefield where a wireless network subscriber's wireless terminal (e.g.,telephone, personal computer (PC), personal digital assistant (PDA),etc.) connects to a host computer or the Internet via a radio frequency(RF) system.

A need exists for a portable diagnostic device that is capable of beingused to diagnose packet-based data networks, such as, for example, GPRSand WAP networks, and which is adapted to be used in the field.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a portable diagnostic device (PDD) andmethod for diagnosing packet-based wireless networks. The PDD comprisesan input device configured to convert user input into electricalsignals, a radio frequency (RF) transceiver, an antenna, processinglogic, a modem, and a display device. The processing logic is configuredto execute a diagnostic software module that generates diagnosticcommands for diagnosing a packet-based network and that interpretsdiagnostic information sent from the packet-based network to the PDD.The modem enables the PDD to wirelessly communicate via the RFtransceiver and the antenna with a base transceiver station (BTS) thatis in communication with the packet-based network. The display devicedisplays diagnostic information received by the RF transceiver andprocessed by the processing logic. The diagnostic information displayedon the display device describes one or more attributes of thepacket-based network.

The method includes processing user input corresponding to one or morecommands to be performed by one or more components of a packet-basednetwork, wirelessly communicating the commands from the PDD to thepacket-based network, receiving one or more responses to said one ormore commands in the PDD, processing the responses received in the PDDinto displayable information, and displaying the displayable informationon a display device of the PDD.

These and other features and advantages of the invention will becomeapparent from the following description, drawings and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless network that includes aWAP network and a GPRS network, both of which can be used to access theInternet.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of the PDD of the present inventionin accordance with an exemplary embodiment having logic configured totrouble-shoot a packet-based network, such as GPRS network, for example.

FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart representing the method of the inventionin accordance with the preferred embodiment for diagnosing apacket-based network using a PDD.

FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of the method of the invention inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment for performing route tracing.

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram representing an IP multi-mediasubsystem (IMS) network core, which interfaces with the GGSN of the GPRSnetwork shown in FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless network that includes a mobilecommunications network 11, a WAP network 12 and a GPRS network 14. Inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a portablediagnostic device (PDD) 10 is provided that is configured withintelligence for wirelessly diagnosing the GPRS network 14. The PDD 10may also be configured with intelligence for wirelessly diagnosing theWAP network 12. Thus, the PDD 10 is particularly well suited for use inthe field where a wireless network subscriber's wireless terminalconnects to a host computer or to the Internet via a network operator'sRF system. The PDD 10 preferably includes logic that enables it todiagnose network parameters and protocol flow and to display diagnosticresults to the person using the PDD 10. The components and functionalityof the PDD 10 are described below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

Preferably, the PDD 10 is both GPRS-enabled and WAP-enabled, and thus iscapable of accessing the Internet 16 via both the WAP network 12 and viathe GPRS network 14. The PDD 10 of the present invention is at leastGPRS-enabled so that it is capable of accessing the Internet 16 via theGPRS network 14. The PDD 10 communicates with the mobile communicationnetwork 11 via a wireless RF link 13 between the PDD 10 and a basetransceiver station (BTS) 18 of the mobile communications network 11.The mobile communication network 11 also includes a mobile switchingcenter (MSC) 21 and an interworking function (IWF) component 22. The BTS18 typically includes, for example, a tower, antennas, cables, RFtransceivers, power supplies, and controller systems (not shown).

The MSC 21 communicates with the BTS 18 and with the IWF component 22.The MSC 21 includes an automatic switching system (not shown) thatcoordinates the establishment of calls to and from the PDD 10 to andfrom the WAP network 12. The IWF component 22 communicates with the MSC21 and may include a modem pool (not shown) for establishing acircuit-switched data (CSD) connection between the PDD 10 and the WAPnetwork 12 via the MSC 21. The IWF component 22 is typically implementedas a packet control unit (PCU).

The WAP network 12 typically includes a remote access server (RAS) 26,an IP (Internet Protocol) router 28, a Remote Access Dial-In UserServices (RADIUS) server 30, a WAP server 32, an authentication server34, and a domain name server (DNS) 36. The remote access server 26communicates with the MSC 21 and is configured to receivecircuit-switched data calls that originate at the PDD 10. The remoteaccess server 26 typically assigns a temporary IP address to the PDD 10and generates a serial Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol(TCP/IP) data stream associated with the circuit-switched data call.

The IP router 28 is a protocol-sensitive switching device used to directIP traffic in and out of a number of other WAP network elements, such asthe remote access server 26, the RADIUS server 30, the WAP server 32,the authentication server 34, and the domain name server 36. The RADIUSserver 30 communicates with the remote access server 26 via the IProuter 28, and typically includes a database populated with the IPaddress and identification information associated with the PDD 10.

The WAP server 32 communicates with the remote access server 26 and withthe Internet 16 via the IP router 28. The WAP server 32 typicallyfunctions as the physical interface between the WAP network 12 and theInternet 16. The WAP server 32 retrieves Internet content and forwardsthe content to the PDD 10 via the IP router 28, the remote access server26 and the mobile communications network 11. The WAP server 32 convertsthe Internet content into a format suitable for display on the PDD 10prior to forwarding the content to the PDD 10. Thus, the WAP server 32may be thought of as serving as a WAP gateway for the WAP network 12 ofFIG. 1. The WAP server 32 may also be responsible for functions such asuser provisioning, user database creation and maintenance,bi-directional security, traffic control, and call detail recording(CDR) generation.

The authentication server 34 communicates with the WAP server 32 via theIP router 28, and may include a subscriber database used to authenticatea user of the PDD 10 for purposes of conducting a WAP session.

The domain name server 36 communicates with the WAP server 32 via the IProuter 28, and may include a database that stores tables of both domainnames and IP addresses. When a domain name is entered at the PDD 10 inthe form of a universal resource locator (URL), the textualrepresentation of a web site address, the domain name server 36typically translates the universal resource locator into an IP addressassociated with a web site, and forwards the IP address to the WAPserver 32 via the IP router 28.

The WAP network 12 may also include a number of other network elementsnot shown in FIG. 1, such as, for example, short message servicecenters, e-mail servers, and firewalls. The present invention is notlimited with respect to the components or configuration of the WAPnetwork 12 shown in FIG. 1.

The manner in which the PDD 10 accesses the Internet 16 via the GPRSnetwork 14 will now be described with reference to FIG. 1. When theGPRS-enabled PDD 10 initiates a data packet session, the BTS 18communicates a request to set up a GPRS data packet session to the basestation controller (BSC) 52 of the GPRS network 14. The BSC 52 hasintelligence that enables it to detect that the request is for packetdata as opposed to voice data, and vice versa. When the BSC 52 detectsthat the request is for packet data, the BSC 52 forwards the request toa packet control unit (PCU) 53, which converts the request from radiolink protocol (RLP) format into uplink packets suitable for processingby the serving GPRS support node (SGSN) 54. The SGSN 54 converts thepackets received from the PCU 53 into Internet Protocol (IP) packets.The gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) 56 obtains the Internet addressassociated with the user request from the domain name server 36 via theMSC 21, the remote access server 26 and the IP router 28. The GGSN 56then performs the routing functions over the Internet 16 needed to setup the link between the PDD 10 and the Internet address identified inthe request.

In the downlink direction, the GGSN 56 receives IP packets and forwardsthem to the SGSN 54, which converts the IP packets into downlink packetsfor processing by the PCU 53. The PCU 53 converts the downlink packetsinto RLP formatted data and forwards the RLP data to the BSC 52. The BSC52 forwards the RLP data to the BTS 18 via the MSC 21. The BTS 18wirelessly transmits the information to the PDD 10. The PDD 10 thendisplays the data on a display of the PDD 10.

As stated above, the PDD 10 of the present invention is configured withintelligence that enables the PDD 10 to diagnose packet-based networks,such as the GPRS network 14, for example. FIG. 2 is a block diagram ofthe PDD 10 of the present invention in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment. In accordance with this embodiment, the PDD 10 has logicconfigured to trouble-shoot a packet-based network, such as GPRS network14, for example. The PDD 10 in accordance with this embodiment is aGPRS-enabled device having a housing 102, a processor 100, an inputdevice 106, a display device 108, a power source 114, a speaker 121, amicrophone 122, a modem 118, an RF transceiver 116, an antenna 126 and amemory device 124.

The processor 100 is programmed to control the operations of the PDD 10.The processor 100 may be any type of computational device including, forexample, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), one or moreprinted circuit boards (PCBs), etc. The processor 100 is programmed toexecute a microbrowser software module 110 and a diagnostic module 120.The microbrowser module 110 performs typical microbrowser functions toenable the PDD 10 to request and receive information over the Internet16 via the GPRS network 14. The diagnostic module 120 analyzes theinformation obtained by the microbrowser module 110 and causesdiagnostic IP-based information to be displayed on the display screen108. The display screen 108 preferably is a relatively largehigh-resolution color display screen capable of displaying one entirepage of relevant information at a time.

Currently, certain IP-based information is returned to mobile devices,including, for example, the IP address of the mobile device, the mobilesubscriber ISDN (MSISDN), the identities of the BTS, BSC and MSChandling the session, etc. Although this information is typicallyreturned to mobile devices, mobile devices currently are not configuredto display this information. In accordance with the invention, themicrobrowser module 110 and the diagnostic module 120 operate inconjunction with one another to enable the PDD 10 to request and displayinformation that is helpful or necessary to enable a person to diagnosea packet-based network.

FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart representing the method of the inventionin accordance with the preferred embodiment for diagnosing apacket-based network using a PDD 10. A user enters a command on the PDD10 relating to a task to be performed to diagnose a packet-based networkor a component thereof, as indicated by block 131. The command is thencommunicated to the packet-based network in the manner described abovewith reference to FIG. 1, as indicated by block 132. When the task isperformed in the packet-based network, a response to the command isreturned to the PDD 10, as indicated by block 133. Informationdescribing the response is then displayed on the display screen of thePDD 10, as indicated by block 134.

One useful trouble-shooting method provided by the invention is routetracing. FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of the method of the inventionin accordance with an exemplary embodiment for performing route tracing.The microbrowser module 110 is configured to accept an IP address thathas been input via input device 106 to the PDD 10. When the user wishesto target a particular element of the GPRS network 14, the user entersthe IP address of the network element being targeted via the inputdevice 106, which may be, for example, a keypad, a digitizer panel, etc.The processor 100 of the PDD 10 receives and processes this input, asindicated by block 141. The diagnostic module 120 performs a trace routeroutine that collects the IP addresses of the elements along the routeto the target IP address, as indicated by block 142. The diagnosticmodule 120 then causes the collected IP addresses to be displayed on thedisplay screen 108, as indicated by block 143.

In addition, the invention enables other types of packet-based networkinformation to be obtained from a packet-based network such as GPRSnetwork 14 and displayed on the display 108 of the PDD 10, including,but not limited to: (1) packet size information, (2) informationrelating to the type of data security employed (e.g., TLS, WEP, etc.),(3) information relating to the type of user authentication employed,e.g., Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP), PasswordAuthentication Protocol (PAP), etc., and information relating to the IPmultimedia subsystem (IMS) infrastructure. The PDD 10 preferably alsosupports real-time transport protocol (RTP) and control protocol (RTCP).The diagnostic module 120 is capable of analyzing RTP sessions in orderto build call flows.

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram representing an IP multi-mediasubsystem (IMS) network core 60, which interfaces with the GGSN 56 ofthe GPRS network 14 shown in FIG. 1. An IMS network has aninfrastructure that enables multiple services to be provided quickly.Preferably, the PDD 10 is IMS-enabled to allow the PDD 10 to performdiagnostic tests on the IMS network core 60. The IMS infrastructureresides off the Gi interface of the second generation/third generation(2G/3G) core network. The invention enables the IMS network core 60 tobe tested and for information associated with the testing to bedisplayed on display screen 108 of PDD 10 to facilitate diagnosis. Thiscapability assumes that a private session initiation protocol (SIP)extension for associated uniform resource identifiers (URI) will be setup that will register on the IMS network core 60 for various servicesbeing tested. This also assumes that a 2G/3G wireless user account forpacket services has been provisioned for GPRS/Enhanced Data rates forGSM Evolution (EDGE) packet data service. Thus, the invention enablesthe user to build call flow and measure latencies in the IMS networkcore 60.

A typical IMS network core 60 includes a proxy call session controlfunction (P-CSCF) component 61 that acts as a proxy for the user androutes SIP messages to the serving CSCF (S-CSCF) component 62. The homesubscriber server (HSS) 63 functions as the data repository for allsubscriber profile information, such as the type of services allowed fora subscriber, for example. The HSS 63 also interfaces with home locationregisters (HLRs) (not shown) for obtaining subscriber location andmobility information. The S-CSCF component 62 downloads subscriberprofile information from the HSS 63 and is responsible for servicecontrol for the end user, routing of SIP messages, controlling serviceaccess, registering third party application servers 67, and otherfunctions. The application servers 67 interface to the IMS network core60 to provide various services for users, such as, for example, videoconferencing, in which case the application server 67 handles the audioand video synchronization and distribution to all participants.

The media resource function (MRF) and MRF controller (MRFC) component 64is a functional element that handles the user media (e.g., audio, video,etc.) and transcoding, distribution and multiplexing. The breakoutgateway control function (BGCF) component 65 is the control element thatinterfaces the audio services provided by the IMS network core 60 withother networks. The BGCF component 65 is responsible for choosing thecorrect mobile MGCF component 66 or landline interface.

The invention also allows a user to execute various commands (typicallyin serial fashion for particular tests) in order to test the IMS corenetwork 60 operation. In the upstream direction, the microbrowser module110 and the diagnostic module 120 operate to allow SIP commands to besent either by inputting them to the PDD 10 via input device 106 ordisplayed in drop down menu on display 108 for selection by the user. Inthe downstream direction, the microbrowser module 110 and the diagnosticmodule 120 operate to receive responses to SIP commands (e.g., Register,BYE, Publish, Subscribe, etc.) and to cause the responses to bedisplayed on the display 108. Preferably, the PDD 10 of the inventionalso supports signaling compression (SigComp), both static and dynamic,so that packet contents can be investigated. For example, SIP headersmay be examined to determine routes in a manner similar to the manner inwhich layer 3 trace route functionality is performed. Timestamps arecaptured off of the headers in order to measure latency within the IMSnetwork core 60. The diagnostic module 120 also examines the bodycontent of SIP messages as well as session definition protocol (SDP)content and displays corresponding information on the display screen108. In addition, the diagnostic module 120 preferably stores all SIPrequests and responses in memory device 124 in order to enable a callflow to be built.

Typical IMS sessions begin with a REGISTER message sent from the PDD 10to the IMS Core 60. The HSS 63 downloads the subscriber profile to theS-CSCF component 62. The S-CSCF component 62 then sends third partyregistrations to the application servers 67 as required by the initialfilter criteria (IFC) contained in the profile.

Typical peer-to-peer sessions begin with an INVITE message (whichincludes initial Session Description Parameters) sent from the PDD 10 tothe P-CSCF component 61, routed through the S-CSCF component 62, routedthrough an Interrogating Call Session Control Function (I-CSCF)component (not shown), then to the recipients S-CSCF component (notshown) and P-CSCF component (not shown). The recipient typically answersthe INVITE with its capabilities in the Session Description Parameterthat are appropriate for the required media involved in the session(e.g., the correct audio encoding or correct video encoding, port andprotocol as well as the bearer requirements, such has average andmaximum bandwidth, etc). Once the offer/answer of the SessionDescription Parameters are agreed upon, the media path is set up for thesession. The media path will traverse any Application Servers or MediaResource Functions bypassing the IMS Core 60. Session signaling, such asfloor control events, signaling, and link sender/receiver reports willtraverse the IMS Core 60.

The PDD 10 can obtain diagnostic data by inspecting the sender/receiverreports to determine the number of sent and dropped packets, jitter, androundtrip delay. Information regarding the bearer characteristics (e.g.,bandwidth required, acceptable jitter, bit error rates, protocol, port,etc.) may be retrieved from the Session Description Parameters found inthe SIP INVITE message body.

It should be noted that the invention has been described with referenceto a few exemplary and preferred embodiments in order to demonstrate theprinciples and concepts of the invention. The invention is not limitedto the embodiments described herein. As will be understood by thoseskilled in the art, modifications may be made to the embodimentsdescribed herein and all such modifications are within the scope of theinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving, at a device froma user of the device, a request associated with an internet protocoladdress of an element of a packet-based wireless network, the devicecomprising a processor, a transceiver, an antenna, and a display;performing, by the device, a trace route routine to collect internetprotocol addresses of elements along a first route to the element of thepacket-based wireless network; communicating, by the device via thetransceiver and the antenna, the request to a mobile communicationsnetwork in communication with the packet-based wireless network;collecting, by the device, the internet protocol addresses of theelements along the first route to the element of the packet-basedwireless network; obtaining, by the device, information relating to atype of data security employed by the packet-based wireless network;causing, by the device, the internet protocol addresses of the elementsalong the first route to the element of the packet-based wirelessnetwork and the information relating to the type of data securityemployed by the packet-based wireless network to be displayed via thedisplay; receiving a session initiation protocol command; sending thesession initiation protocol command to an internet protocol multi-mediasubsystem network; receiving a response to the session initiationprotocol command, the response comprising a session initiation protocolheader; and examining the session initiation protocol header todetermine a second route associated with the response.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising capturing a timestamp associated with thesession initiation protocol header to measure latency within theinternet protocol multi-media subsystem network.
 3. The method of claim1, further comprising: examining a body content of the response andsession definition protocol content; and causing informationcorresponding to the body content of the response and the sessiondefinition protocol content to be displayed via the display.
 4. A devicecomprising: a processor; a transceiver; an antenna; a display; and amemory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, causethe processor to perform operations comprising receiving, from a user ofthe device, a request associated with an internet protocol address of anelement of a packet-based wireless network, performing a trace routeroutine to collect internet protocol addresses of elements along a firstroute to the element of the packet-based wireless network,communicating, via the transceiver and the antenna, the request to amobile communications network in communication with the packet-basedwireless network, collecting the internet protocol addresses of theelements along the first route to the element of the packet-basedwireless network, obtaining information relating to a type of datasecurity employed by the packet-based wireless network, causing theinternet protocol addresses of the elements along the first route to theelement of the packet-based wireless network and the informationrelating to the type of data security employed by the packet-basedwireless network to be displayed via the display, receiving a sessioninitiation protocol command, sending the session initiation protocolcommand to an internet protocol multi-media subsystem network, receivinga response to the session initiation protocol command, the responsecomprising a session initiation protocol header, and examining thesession initiation protocol header to determine a second routeassociated with the response.
 5. The device of claim 4, wherein thedisplay is a high-resolution color display screen.
 6. The device ofclaim 5, wherein the high-resolution color display screen displays anentire page of diagnostic information.
 7. The device of claim 4, whereinthe packet-based wireless network is a general packet radio servicenetwork.
 8. The device of claim 4, wherein the packet-based wirelessnetwork is a wireless application protocol network.
 9. The device ofclaim 4, wherein the processor is one of a microprocessor, amicrocontroller, an application specific integrated circuit, a digitalsignal processor, and a printed circuit board.
 10. The device of claim4, wherein the operations further comprise capturing a timestampassociated with the session initiation protocol header to measurelatency within the internet protocol multi-media subsystem network. 11.The device of claim 4, wherein the operations further comprise:examining a body content of the response and session definition protocolcontent; and causing information corresponding to the body content ofthe response and the session definition protocol content to be displayedvia the display.